Thessaloniki is everything you could want from a European vacation crammed into one city. At a crossroads between east and west, Thessaloniki has been at the heart of great empires for millennia and brims with historic sights. When it comes to the best things to do in Thessaloniki, you’re spoiled for choice.
Thessaloniki is also Greece’s second most populous city: modern, vibrant, and infused with Mediterranean character. It is the capital of culture in Greece and is home to leading festivals and art shows. There are world-class museums and a diverse mix of things to do in Thessaloniki. Many are within walking distance of each other in the charismatic old city.
Completing a dream vacation checklist, the city sits on the beautiful Thermaic Gulf. Summers are hot, but the sea breeze cools the terraces that burst with life every evening.
As vacation destinations go, few Mediterranean cities offer as much variety and character. To help you plot your way through the so-called Nymph of the Thermaic Gulf, here’s my guide to the very best things to do in Thessaloniki.
Before you go, brush up on your Greek with my free Greek travel phrase guide.
Best things to do in Thessaloniki
Here’s a quick list of what to see and do in Thessaloniki:
- Visit the White Tower of Thessaloniki
- Statue of Alexander the Great
- Take a Tour of Pella, Alexander the Great’s birthplace
- The Umbrellas by Zongolopoulos
- Museum of Byzantine Culture
- Aristotelous Square
- Orizontes Roof Garden
- Roman Agora
- Jewish Museum
- Agios Dimitrios Basilica
- Ano Poli (Upper Town)
- Take a guided tour of Ano Poli
- Trigonion (Chain) Tower
- Heptapyrgion (Eptapyrgio) of Thessalonica
- Thessaloniki Science Centre Technology Museum
- Rotonda and Arch of Galerius
- Roman Palace of Galerius
- Hagia Sophia
- Ladadika district
- Take a foodie tour of Thessaloniki
- OTE Tower
- Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki
- Chew on a Koulouri
- Day trip to Orlias waterfalls
- Day trip to Archaeological Site of Dion
- Climb Mount Olympus
- Day trip to Palaios Panteleimonas
- Platamon Castle
- Kerkini Lake
- Visit Meteora rock pillars with monasteries perched on top
- Take a sunset cruise on a private boat
- Bathe on beautiful beaches in Halkidiki
- Visit Edessa, the ancient capital of Macedonia
Map of the best things to do in Thessaloniki
Here is a map of things to do in Thessaloniki that will help you plan your days of sightseeing in and around the city.
1. Visit the landmark White Tower of Thessaloniki
The White Tower is a striking landmark on the waterfront. The imposing cylindrical structure stands 112 ft (34m) tall and is one of the most visited monuments in Thessaloniki. It’s a dramatic sight with an even more dramatic history.
The tower was built under Sultan Murad II following his successful capture of Thessaloniki in 1430. The fortification was raised on the site of a Byzantine fort mentioned by archbishop Eustathius of Thessalonica when the Normans sacked the city in 1185.
A sturdy fortification defending the city in the ensuing centuries, the tower was also used as a prison at the center of some of the bloodiest episodes in Thessaloniki’s long and turbulent history.
Under the Ottoman rule, it was a place of torture and mass executions. The most notorious was a massacre of imprisoned Janissaries in 1826. By this time, the tower had earned a new name, the ‘Red Tower’: more vividly, the ‘Tower of Blood.’ Until then, the tower had been known variously as the ‘Fortress of Kalamaria’ and the ‘Janissary Tower.’
The macabre name stuck until 1890 when a convict whitewashed the tower in return for his freedom. Literally whitewashing the dark history, the infamous structure earned a new name, the ‘White Tower.’ The whitewash is gone today (although the interior is painted white), but the new name survived.
Thessaloniki was liberated in 1912 by the Greek army. With a collective sigh of relief, the tower ceased to be a prison. The exterior was whitewashed again, and the interior was remodeled. Although the former ‘Tower of Blood’ featured in one final moment of bloody history when King George I of Greece was assassinated nearby.
It is fair to say the White Tower had an outsized impact on the city. Despite its notorious past, it is the symbol of Thessaloniki. Today, it contains a fascinating museum exploring the gripping history of the Greek city, with emphasis on the Byzantine period. There are a lot of beautiful artifacts that reveal a more benign side to Thessaloniki’s history.
You can climb to the top of the tower, passing through 6 floors to the upper turret. The panoramic views are worth the climb, and you can almost feel the history seeping out of the bricks.
A visit to the White Tower is one of the unmissable things to do in Thessaloniki. If you visit, scan the QR code to obtain the English language guide, as all the exhibits are presented in Greek only. Alternatively, you can download it here.
Worth knowing: The museum is included in the Combined Museum Pass, which costs just €15 for 3 days. Four museums are included in the pass – the Museum of Byzantine Culture, the White Tower, the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, and the Rotunda. Good value if you plan to visit them all!
- Where: Along the famous waterfront on Nikis Avenue near the Museum of Byzantine Culture (Thessaloniki 546 21)
- How to get there:
- Car: There is no parking at the museum, which sits directly on the waterfront. The nearest parking is in the basement of the City Hall, about a 10-minute walk away
- Nearest bus stop: Stratigio – Museum of Byzantine Culture (Lines 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 31, 39, 58) More details here
- When to go: See opening hours, but remember there’s a spectacular view at the top – consider the weather
- Opening hours: 8 am to 8 pm
- Price: €8 (Reduced ticket €4)
2. Statue of Alexander the Great
A short walk from the White Tower stands an imperious bronze statue of Alexander the Great. Unveiled in 1974, the work by artist Evaggelos Moustakas commemorates the rule of the legendary king born in nearby Pella. The 20 ft (6m) statue depicts Alexander on his faithful warhorse, Bucephalus.
Alexander the Third (aka ‘the Great’) was the father of an empire that stretched across continents. His exploits reverberated throughout history. Perhaps the most famous Greek of all, the statue is a rare modern landmark and the star of many tourist photos.
- Where: Along the waterfront of Nea Paralia in the Garden of Alexander.
- How to get there:
- Car: No parking at the site. A 10-15 minute walk from the public parking at the City Hall.
- Nearest bus stop: Stratigio – Museum of Byzantine Culture (Lines 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 31, 39, 58) More details here
- When to go: Anytime
- Opening hours: None
- Price: Free
3. Take a Tour of Pella, Alexander the Great’s birthplace
Alexander the Great’s statue is worth a look, especially as it is close to many other leading things to do in Thessaloniki. But if you want to discover more about his life and background, I recommend touring Pella with a knowledgeable guide.
Pella was once the capital of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and is just an hour’s drive from Thessaloniki. It is where Aristotle taught the child prodigy and the center of a vast empire that Alexander built one conquest after another.
I recommend going on the aptly named Alexander the Great tour. They pick you up from your hotel and spend time in each of Pella’s archeological sites. The small group tour visits the UNESCO World Heritage Museum of the Royal Tombs of Aigai, where Alexander the Great’s father, Philip II, is buried. It’s a fascinating 8-hour tour that shines a revealing light on a military genius and giant of history. Check availability and book your tour here.
A decent alternative is this full day trip to Vergina and Pella from Thessaloniki tour. This one crams in a trip to the Royal Tombs of Aigai in Vergina, alongside visiting the archeological sites of Pella. Along the way, you’ll stop for some classic homemade Greek food in Vergina. Everything is arranged by an English-speaking guide, so you can sit back and enjoy the sights. Check availability and book your tour here.
4. Take a selfie at The Umbrellas by Zongolopoulos
The Umbrellas is another modern artwork on the endlessly diverting waterfront, built to mark Thessaloniki’s year as the European Capital of Culture. The sculpture is small but distinctive, with stainless steel umbrellas suspended on poles 43ft (13m.) Although installed in 1997 by sculptor George Zongolopoulos, it is one of the iconic images of Thessaloniki, tailor-made for the Instagram age.
Remarkably, George Zongolopoulos was 92 years old when he unveiled the sculpture. Zongolopoulos had a long and storied career, but umbrellas were his signature: the ones on Thessaloniki are considered the finest example.
In keeping with Zongolopoulos’s ambitions, the umbrellas blend harmoniously into the setting. And despite the rarity of umbrellas in warm and temperate Thessaloniki, it fits neatly onto the eclectic art of the waterfront. Occasionally, they are the focal point for events that play with color and lighting. Most strikingly, they are bathed in pink for breast cancer awareness every October. This is another must-see in an area brimming with some of the best things to do in Thessaloniki.
Follow the link to learn more about the remarkable life of George Zongolopoulos.
- Where: Along the waterfront of Nea Paralia
- How to get there
- Car: Nearest public parking is at 10-12 Evzonon street, about a 10-minute walk to the Umbrellas
- Buses: 01Χ, 6, 10, 17, 33, 58, 83Β More details here
- When to go: Sunsets and sunrises are particularly popular, with the sea as a backdrop and the umbrellas casting shadows
- Opening hours: None
- Price: Free
5. Explore local history at the Museum of Byzantine Culture
The modern Museum of Byzantine Culture is dedicated to preserving and displaying the Macedonian artifacts and treasures of early Christian, Byzantine, and post-Byzantine periods.
Spread over 11 permanent exhibitions, the thoughtfully curated museum covers centuries of history. The museum explores themes like the development of the Eastern Roman Empire, the influence of Christianity, the evolution of the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Byzantine legacy.
Due to the epic scope of the museum, the collections are markedly different from room to room. Early pottery, coins, archeological finds, mosaics, and artworks are among the exhibits. Most were recovered in the region around Thessaloniki.
Byzantine history is laden with epochal events, and the museum covers them all. From 330 AD, when Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and set up a new Eastern Roman capital in Byzantium (promptly renaming it Constantinople) through to the Ottoman conquest in 1453.
Over the course of the long-lasting empire, Hellenist and Eastern Orthodox Christianity ascended to dominate a culture that was ostensibly Roman.
Much like ancient Rome, Byzantine borders were expanded through conquest. It reached its height during the Macedonian and Komnenian dynasties, when Byzantine power and influence stretched across three continents, covering many parts of the old Roman Empire.
In the ensuing centuries, the empire lost territory and influence. Yet throughout its history, art and science flourished. This is brought vividly to life in the museum. With over a millennium of history, the museum can only scratch the surface. But it does the job effectively and is an absorbing way to learn about the Byzantine empire.
- Where: Leof. Stratou 2, Thessaloniki 546 (near Thessaloniki City Hall)
- How to get there
- Car: Park in the basement of the City Hall, about a 5-minute walk away
- Nearest bus stop: Stratigio – Museum of Byzantine Culture (Lines 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 31, 39, 58)
- When to go: See opening hours
- Opening hours: 8 am to 8 pm
- Price: €8 (Reduced ticket €4) – Included in the €15.00 museum pass
6. Visit the vibrant Aristotelous Square
Emblematic of Thessaloniki, the magnificent Aristotelous Square is one of the most famous public spaces in Greece. The square is known throughout the country for hosting national events and political rallies. The rest of the time, it’s a lively hub for local citizens.
The design and architecture are unusual for Thessaloniki. Following the devastating fire of 1917, the city wanted an impressive public square to rival other European cities. Until then, Thessaloniki had grown haphazardly with a mix of styles through the ages; the fire offered a chance to transform the city.
Ernest Hébrard, the designer, conceived a monumental axis in the heart of Thessaloniki. The architecture would borrow from Byzantine and European designs, ignoring Ottoman styles. The view uphill would sweep towards Ana Poli and the Byzantine walls.
Hébrard’s plans were ultimately scaled down, but the underlying concept was eventually realized in the 1950s. Despite being smaller in scope, the immaculately finished square is an architectural triumph.
Centrally located and overlooking the waterside promenade, many of the principal things to do in Thessaloniki are within walking distance of Aristotelous Square. It is somewhere you inevitably end up passing through and a great place to while away a few hours. There are decent cafes and restaurants around the square and the adjoining streets.
At night, the square is illuminated with street lights. It’s a picturesque setting. After a plate of meze and a cooling sea breeze, you might find yourself returning again and again.
- Where: On Nikis avenue, in the city center
- How to get there
- Car: There are many public parking garages near Aristotelous Square. Parking is expensive in the city center, but Parking Plateia at 38 Vasileos Irakleiou is spacious and, relatively, inexpensive
- Buses: Nearby Via Egnatia is a central route for many buses (lines 2, 2A, 8, 10, 11, 14, 17, 22, 27, 31, 37, 83) More details here
- When to go: Mornings to admire the architecture, evenings to enjoy the atmosphere
- Opening hours: None
- Price: Free
7. Stop for a drink and sea views at Orizontes Roof Garden
I said you’ll want to stop in Aristotelous Square. And I don’t think you’ll find a better bar than the Orizontes Roof Garden in the 5-start Electra Palace hotel. Situated above Aristotelous Square with commanding views, this is a delightful spot to linger in.
The setting is refined, and the drinks are good, especially the punchy Greek coffee. The restaurant menu is a tempting mix of Greek flavors, and the bar is open all day for snacks and drinks. You’re made to feel welcome, even if you‘re just there to slowly sip a cocktail and watch the sunset over the Aegean.
- Where: Electra Palace hotel, Aristotélous 9, Thessaloniki 546 24
- When to go: Open all day, but the sunsets are the star. Although the views are impressive any time of the day
- Opening hours: 12 pm to 12:45 am
- Price: Cocktails, €11
8. See the ruins of a pre-Byzantine Roman Agora
A short distance from Aristotelous Square is the Roman Forum of Thessaloniki. The Roman forum was Constructed in the 1st century AD and was the heart of cultural and political life until the 6th century. Within the time capsule are two Roman baths (only one has been excavated,) a forum, and a theater once used for gladiatorial games.
The Odeion is the most striking structure. Built in 200 AD, the Odeion was a theater stage for poetry recitals, shows, and musical performances. Small theaters like this were typically decorated with figures of the muses and reserved exclusively for the aristocracy. The seating and stage are so well-preserved that you can imagine them being used today for a show today.
Amazingly, the ruins were only unearthed in the 1960s. They were buried for centuries and only discovered after an aborted plan to build the municipal courthouse, part of Ernest Hébrard’s vision for Aristotelous Square. It makes for an incongruous sight, with millennia-old ruins surrounded by modern shops and apartments.
You can get a good view of the ruins without going in. But it only costs €2 to enter and walk in the footsteps of Roman governors and gladiators. Plus, there’s an underground museum with air-conditioning. Two Euros well spent! Especially as the money will help preserve ancient ruins once nearly buried under a courthouse!
- Where: A 10-minute walk from Aristotelous Square (Olympou & Philippou Str., Τ.Κ. 54646)
- How to get there
- Car: There are spaces in the streets around the Roman Forum, and two large parking centers overlooking the square. Payments are made online through THESi
- Nearest bus stop: Multiple buses converge on nearby Via Egnatia (lines 2, 2A, 8, 10, 11, 14, 17, 22, 27, 31, 37, 83) More details here
- When to go: Anytime. See opening hours below
- Opening hours: 8 am to 8 pm
- Price: €2
9. Visit the inspiring and poignant Jewish Museum
The beautifully presented exhibitions in the Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki honor the immense Sephardic contribution to local culture and arts. At times inspiring, and other times moving, it is an absorbing museum.
Thessaloniki was once home to a thriving Jewish community. Many were driven there after being expelled from Spain in 1492. The Jewish influence was felt throughout the city for centuries, although the Great Fire of 1917 prompted many to move out from the center. During World War II, 45,000 Jews were transported to Germany. Few returned. The most harrowing exhibition in the museum is one displaying broken tombstones from the local Jewish cemetery, which were smashed by Nazi supporters. Infamously, some headstones were used to restore the Church of Hagios Demetrios.
The museum is housed in a magnificent home that survived the fire of 1917. It provides an illuminating insight into the rich heritage of a community that once thrived in Thessaloniki.
- Where: In the city center, a 5-minute walk from Aristotelous Square (11 Agiou Mina Street)
- When to go: See opening hours
- Opening hours: 9 am to 2 pm (Monday – Friday). 10 am to 2 pm (Sunday). Closed on Saturdays
- Price: €5
10. Visit the Agios Dimitrios Basilica, where Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki was martyred
There are several impressive churches in Thessaloniki, but none more important than the Church of Hagios Demetrios.At first sight, you notice the church is in remarkable condition. The current church was rebuilt in the 1940s after being destroyed in the great fire of 1917. In fact, the original 4th century AD church, itself sitting on a Roman bath, was rebuilt several times due to fires.
Somehow, the rebuilt church of 643 AD survived right through to 1917. The 5-aisle church you see today was painstakingly reconstructed to that specification. Sadly, little survived the fire of 1917 except for six colorful mosaics from the early Byzantine period. Depicting Saint Demetrios and church officials who rebuilt the church in 634 AD, they are the highlight of the elegant interior.
The history of the church is just as compelling as the famous mosaics. The church was raised where Saint Demetrius was tortured and executed. A former Roman military officer from a wealthy local family, he is a noted saint in the Eastern Orthodox tradition.
After converting to Christianity, Demetrius was imprisoned by the Roman Emperor Maximian. The Hollywood-esque story tells of Demetrius encouraging a follower, Nestoras, to win a gladiatorial fight. The fight was organized by the Emperor to pit pagans against Christians. When Nestoras won on behalf of Christianity, he was immediately beheaded at the Emperor’s behest. Angry with the role of Demetrius encouraging dissent from this prison, he ordered his murder too.
Demetrius was buried by loyal followers in 306 AD. Centuries later, churchgoers reported the scent of myrrh emanating from the tomb. This led to a new name for Demetrius, the “Myrrh Gusher.” In time, he was recognized as the patron saint of Thessaloniki.
The tomb remained an important site for Christian pilgrims, even when the church was converted into a mosque under Ottoman rule. Following the rebuild in the 1940s (notoriously using tombstones from a Jewish cemetery destroyed by Nazis,) the church was reconsecrated.
In one last twist of history, the fire revealed the roman bath where Saint Demetrius was imprisoned and a well where his body was disposed of. Also rediscovered was an intricately crafted crypt that was restored and is now the centerpiece of the church. With a compelling heritage like that, it is no surprise that Agios Dimitrios Basilica is the most famous church in Thessaloniki.
- Where: About 0.6 miles (1 km) from Aristotelous Square (83 Agiou Dimitriou St., 54633)
- When to go: See opening hours. If you can, visit on 26 October, Saint Demetrios’s feast day
- Opening hours: 6am to 10pm
- Price: Free
11. Wander around the colorful old streets of Ano Poli (Upper Town)
You’ve probably noticed a theme emerging from my list of the best things to do in Thessaloniki. The lasting impact of the Great Fire of 1917, which destroyed 2/3 of Thessaloniki in just 36 hours. Ano Poli was not touched by the fire, which makes it the oldest and most authentic old neighborhood in Thessaloniki.
Locals love it there because it feels homely and detached from the main tourist haunts. Yes, there are tourists. But it’s mostly a place where locals hang out in lively tavernas and cute corner cafes. You may even hear traditional rebetiko music in easygoing tavernas.
The winding paved streets are bursting with character, and lazily wandering around the neighborhood is a delight. But there’s also a handful of top-tier sights in Thessaloniki.
As the name suggests, Upper Town overlooks Thessaloniki. The views can be spectacular, especially along the byzantine fortifications ringing Ana Poli. The views from the Trigonion (Chain) Tower are particularly sweeping.
Nestled within the warren of streets in Ano Poli are several paleo-Christian and Byzantine churches and monasteries. They are all protected by UNESCO World Heritage. Highlights include the Holy Church of Hosios David (5th century), Vlatadon Monastery (14th century), the Church of Taxiarches, and the Holy Church of Saint Nicholas Orphanos (14th century.)
For me, the standout was the magnificent 14th-century Church of Prophet Elias (Elijah.) The former monastery and mosque is a curious building and one of the prettiest churches in Ano Poli. That said, all the churches are worth a look. Best of all, hunting them down means exploring the labyrinthine streets of Ano Poli, which are endlessly captivating and one of my favorite things to do in Thessaloniki.
Oh, and look out for the childhood home of Kemal Ataturk. The father of the Republic of Turkey, one of the towering figures of the 20th century, was born in Ano Poli. His former house on Apostolou Pavlu Street has been converted into a museum, an intriguing diversion for history buffs.
- Where: Ano Poli (Upper Town) – North of the city center. Buses 22, 23, and 50 head into Ano Poli More details here
- When to go: Daytime to explore and see the churches and byzantine fortifications. Evenings to enjoy the down-to-earth and colorful nightlife
- Opening hours: None
- Price: N/A
12. Take a guided tour of Ano Poli
Fun as it is to wander aimlessly around the Upper Town, you’ll discover more with a passionate local. The Thessaloniki Walking Tour is a 3-hour walking tour infused with local insight to ensure you miss nothing. Check availability and book your tour here.
13. Enjoy a spectacular sunset from the Trigonion (Chain) Tower
The most impressive structure along the byzantine walls and fortifications around Ano Poli is the Trigonion Tower, aka Chain Tower. The sturdy tower was built in the 15th century as an artillery station to defend Thessaloniki. Unsurprisingly, it has some of the best views in the city and is nicknamed the “balcony of Thessaloniki.”
Thessaloniki is laid out below, with views stretching for miles across the Aegean. My advice, head up there for sunset. Not only can you enjoy views off into the horizon, but as darkness descends the city sparkles below. It’s a long hike to the tower, so consider taking the bus (23) or a taxi. You may also want to time your visit to enter the tower, which is open until 5pm.
- Where: The fortified wall of Ano Poli (Agios Pavlos 546 34)
- When to go: Get there for sunset to enjoy spectacular views over the Aegean
- Opening hours: Enjoy views from the tower 24/7. The interior is open from 10am to 5pm
- Price: €6 (free for EU citizens under 25)
14. Visit the imposing fort, Heptapyrgion (Eptapyrgio) of Thessalonica
The Heptapyrgion is a Byzantine citadel turned Ottoman fort turned latter-day prison. The earliest structure, an acropolis, dates back to 316 BC. Remarkably, the fort was used as the city’s primary prison until 1989.
The citadel was likely converted in 1431, shortly after the Ottoman conquest. It was modeled on the 7 towers of Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul: Heptapyrgion means the “Fortress of the Seven Towers.” Confusingly, the fortress has 10 towers, although the Ottomans helpfully removed doubt by naming it “Yedi Kule.”
Today, many locals still know the fortress as Yedi Kule. Its role as a prison for political inmates is still fresh in the memory and apparently referenced in many Rebetiko songs.
Since moving the prison out of the city, the fort has been carefully restored and converted into a museum. Work is still ongoing to develop the museum, which is threadbare for such a famous building. But the journey up the hill is worth it, if only to glimpse shadows of history, not least in the eerie prison cells you can access.
As an extra reward, the views from the fort are incredible, just as they must have been when Ottoman troops were garrisoned there. The local neighborhood is fun too, with some enticing restaurants nearby if you’re looking for foodie things to do in Thessaloniki.
- Where: North of Ano Poli (Eptapirgiou 130.) Although it’s about a 30-40 minute walk to the fort from Ano Poli, it’s a steep hill and a killer in the sun. Buses (22, 23, 50) or taxi is advisable. More details here
- When to go: See opening hours. I recommend going in the morning when cooler before heading down to the shaded streets of Ano Poli.
- Opening hours: 10am to 5pm (closed on Tuesdays)
- Price: €6 (free for EU citizens under 25)
15. Thessaloniki Science Centre Technology Museum
If you fancy a break from exploring ancient sites, the Thessaloniki Science Centre Technology Museum deserves a look. It offers a very different experience from most other things to do in Thessaloniki and good fun for kids (and adults.)
Within the compact museum are a planetarium, a 3D ‘cosmotheater’ with the tallest screen in Greece, and a simulator ride. There are also exhibitions on ancient technology and a classic car show that everybody loves.
The museum is outside the city center, although several buses head there. If you’re in the mood to swap history for science, it’s the best option in Thessaloniki.
- Where: On the outskirts of the city.
- How to get there
- Car: There is parking at the museum.
- Bus: From the park of New Switzerland (end of line 10,) board bus No. 66.From T.S. Voulgari (end of line 31,) catch a 36, 36B, 36E, 36K, 36P, 36Y, 36Z. More details here
- When to go: See opening hours.
- Opening hours: Variable (check official website.)
- Price: €12 (reduced €8)
16. Visit two neighboring 4th-century monuments, The Rotonda and Arch of Galerius
The Galerian Complex was a vast palace built by the Roman Emperor Galerius at the end of the 3rd century AD. Connected to the complex are the Rotonda and the Arch of Galerius, simply known as Kamara (arch.) The Galerian monuments are among the most treasured buildings in Thessaloniki.
The Arch of Galerius is decorated with reliefs that celebrate a victory over the Persians by armies led by Galerius. The arch was completed in 303 and became the grand entrance to old Thessaloniki, linking directly to the Rotonda and palace complex. It sits on the ancient thoroughfare Via Egnatia, a road that cut through the Eastern Roman Empire. Today, it is one of the busiest streets in Thessaloniki.
You can still walk under the arch, just as the emperor did. The connecting walls are long gone, but the reliefs are remarkable. And the edifice is an exceptional sight, surrounded by bustling modern Thessaloniki living in its 1,700+ year shadow.
Even more remarkable is the Rotunda, well-preserved and open to the public. The Rotunda, a UNESCO World Heritage site, was completed in 306 AD and was likely the intended burial place for Emperor Galerius. Ultimately, he died from a terrible illness and was buried in modern-day Serbia.
The Rotunda is magnificent inside and out. The domed ceiling has an oculus (open eye) providing light to admire acclaimed mosaics. The rotunda walls are 20ft (6m) thick, which helped the building survive multiple earthquakes and preserve the gorgeous mosaics.
The Rotonda never fulfilled its purpose as a mausoleum and became a church decades after being built. In common with most churches in Thessaloniki, the building was converted into a mosque during the Ottoman era. It was then reconsecrated as a church when Thessaloniki was returned to Greek rule. One Ottoman legacy was the addition of a minaret, which stands as a symbol of the long and tumultuous history of Thessaloniki.
Today, the Rotonda is officially the Greek Orthodox Church of Agios Georgios. There’s no doubt that the Rotonda is the oldest church in Thessaloniki, and there are claims that it may be the oldest Christian church in the world.
You pay to go inside, but it is worth every cent. The mosaics are fine early examples of Byzantine art, and the cavernous interior is striking. Unofficially, the Rotonda and Arch of Galerius are among the most important attractions and things to do in Thessaloniki.
- Where: In the center of Thessaloniki, off Via Egnatia and south of Ano Poli
- When to go: Anytime
- Opening hours: (Rotunda entry only) 8am to 8pm
- Price: €6 (Reduced rate €3) to enter the Rotunda – Included in the €15.00 museum pass
17. Explore the ruins of the Roman Palace of Galerius and enter the preserved Apsidal hall
Thessaloniki is brimming with ancient buildings, most of which deserve a place on any list of the best things to do in Thessaloniki. Yet, somehow, the Galerian Complex manages to stand apart. The Kamara (arch) and Rotunda are the headliners, but connected to the Arch of Galerius are the remains of a palace built for an emperor.
Long since destroyed by earthquakes, the palace is a set of ruins and an open-air museum. Built during the period when the Eastern Roman Empire was morphing into the Byzantine Empire, the complex is a fascinating reminder of Thessaloniki’s complicated origins.
Within the Galerian Complex are ruins of a palace built for the (at the time) tetrarch Galerius. The layout connected with the Roman thoroughfare Via Egnatia, which stretched 696 miles (1,120 km) through the eastern regions of the Roman Empire.
Still standing are parts of the wall of what must have been a stunning basilica. Some surviving mosaics are exposed, revealing the original splendor of the palace. Completing the set of buildings was a hippodrome (racecourse.) Sadly, the remains are buried, although archeologists have reconstructed the appearance so you can visualize it.
The ruins illustrate how significant the palace was. The complex was intended to be a home worthy of an emperor in a crucial area of the Eastern Roman Empire, Byzantium. The Rotunda was to be the Emperor’s mausoleum. But Galerius was laid to rest in another extraordinary palace he built, Gamzigrad, in his birthplace in Zaječar, modern-day Serbia.
Despite not being used by Galerius, the palace was occasionally revived as a home for Byzantine rulers, with expansions added in the years after Galerius. The most notable is the final addition to the complex, Apsidal Hall.
Apsidal Hall was likely used for banquets, especially when the emperor attended games in the Hippodrome. It was rebuilt in the 5th and early 6th centuries; an additional hall was added to the original. Fragments of ornate decoration survive, showing the walls and floors were once covered in marble.
Today, a section of Apsidal hall hosts visitor information about the complex, including images of how the complex looked. It’s a welcome display to help visualize the grandeur of the palace.
You can walk around the complex and see everything from above or pop into the information center in Apsidal Hall. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays, visitors are invited to walk around the complex at ground level.
It doesn’t take long to see everything. Yet the entire Galerian complex is a fascinating relic and one of those essential things to do in Thessaloniki, especially when visiting for the first time.
- Where: In the center of Thessaloniki – Apsidal Hall, Intersection of D. Gounari and A. Svolou Sts
- When to go: See the ruins anytime during the day
- Opening hours: Apsidal Hall – 10 am to 5 pm Complex ruins – Tuesday & Wednesday, 8 am to 3 pm
- Price: Free
18. Visit Thessaloniki’s own Hagia Sophia, one of the oldest churches in the world
The Hagia Sophia of Thessaloniki (also known as the Cathedral Church of Agia Sophia of Thessalonica) was built in the 7th century. Modeled on the famous Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site and yet another of the unmissable things to do in Thessaloniki.
A church was first raised on the same spot in the 4th century but was likely destroyed by an earthquake. The current structure also suffered disasters, notably citywide fires in 1890 and 1917. Consequently, the dome was only reconstructed in 1980. However, most of the building survived intact for over 1,300 years.
Like all the early Byzantine churches, the Hagia Sophia spent centuries as a mosque under Ottoman rule. Before then, the church had been ordained a cathedral after being captured during the Fourth Crusade (1205 AD.) Like so many other churches in Thessaloniki, the building is a testament to the convoluted history of the Macedon region.
Aside from a symbol of the religious forces that shaped Thessaloniki’s background, the Hagia Sophia has a stunning interior. Wall-to-wall mosaics that have been restored to their original splendor. The mosaics, dated to the 10th to 12th century, are one of the most breathtaking sights in Thessaloniki.
The cathedral is still in use as a Greek Orthodox church. You can visit during mass or any other time to admire the building. If you have time, dig into the backstory of the cathedral, which I found surprisingly riveting.
For example, after an earthquake in 1978 damaged the church, restorations revealed the tomb of Saint Basil the Confessor. Saint Basil was born in Athens and, after living as a hermit on Mount Athos, became the Bishop of Thessaloniki. His relics were found in 1981 and moved to a chapel dedicated to the saint.
If you Google him, look for another Basil the Bishop, who lived in Thessaloniki but was not buried there. Apparently, even historians have mixed them up!
There are many other snippets of history associated with the illustrious cathedral. But nothing prepares you for the majesty of the cathedral interior. If you’re looking for inspiring things to do in Thessaloniki, set aside time to enjoy a peaceful moment admiring the breathtaking mosaics.
Top tip: You can find one of the secret things to do in Thessaloniki just a few feet away from the Hagia Sophia under a small church in a sunken garden. It was once part of a monastery dedicated to St. John the Baptist. Make time to pop in, as you can visit ghostly catacombs under the monastery. It’s like a hidden entrance and easy to miss, but you’ll find it near the southeast corner of the cathedral.
- Where: In the city center, a 10-minute walk from the Arch of Galerius (Agias Sofias, Thessaloniki 546 22)
- When to go: Go for mass or visit during the opening hours to simply admire the mosaics
- Opening hours
- Cathedral Church of Agia Sophia of Thessalonica: 7 am to 7 pm daily
- Holy Church of John the Baptist: 7 am to 3 pm (Mon-Fri.) 7 am to 1 pm (Weekends)
- Price: Free
19. Head to the Ladadika district for good food and good times
The Ladadika district leaves an impression. The historic district is bursting with color and life.Cozy taverns and hospitable restaurants make Ladadika a prime destination to sample Greek cuisine. In fact, the area derives its name from the Mediterranean staples of oils and olives that were sold when Ladadika was an Ottoman bazaar.
Having been the city market for centuries, Ladadika was heavily damaged in the 1917 fire. The area fell into disrepair and, at one point, was home to the city’s red-light district. Designated a site of historic interest in the 1980s, the area slowly sprang back to life.
Today, Ladadika is a compact maze of paved streets lined with bars and eateries, many in former olive oil warehouses. At night, it is the liveliest part of Thessaloniki.
There’s food for every taste, from plates of souvlaki and gyros to burgers and fries. Live music regularly starts up in packed taverns. Terraces overlook quaint squares and fountains. In short, it is stimulating to wander around, soaking up the atmosphere. Even better to stop for a plate of meze and watch the world go by.
- Where: A short distance from the port and Aristotelous Square in the city center. There are two main streets, Katouni and Egiptou.
- When to go: Evenings are when Ladadika bursts into life, although it’s lively throughout the day
- Opening hours: None
- Price: N/A
20. Take a foodie tour of Thessaloniki
The taverns and restaurants of Thessaloniki are a delight. There’s delicious Greek food and international flavors around every corner. If you want to know what makes a great plate of meze, the 2.5-hour this Thessaloniki food and culture tour has the answers. Especially as samples are included in the price!
Alternatively, join this open markets food tasting tour that takes you around the market and gourmet highlights around Thessaloniki. This tour includes stops at craft stores and promises to supply tips on the hottest tavernas to visit.
21. Stop for skyline vistas and coffee at the OTE Tower
The OTE Tower is close to the White Tower and Alexander the Great statue. You can’t miss it. It’s a 250-foot (76m) modernist construction that would not look out of place in a 1970s sci-fi comic. A former broadcasting tower, it represents modern Thessaloniki and is instantly recognizable.View seekers will be thrilled to know there is a cafe bar on the upper deck. And it rotates!
The suitably named Skyline bar takes 60 minutes to complete a rotation. Drinks are expensive, but the panoramic views ease the sting. It’s a great spot to gain new perspectives on many of the top things to do in Thessaloniki, which are dotted around the cityscape below.
The Skyline bar was recently renovated, adding a touch of class to the setting. And unlike the Orizontes Roof Garden, you get a roof and air-con. A welcome relief after a day of stomping around tourist sights.There’s live piano music in the evening, making the OTE tower another stellar location to enjoy a cocktail and watch the city below light up as darkness falls.
- Where: Northeast of the waterfront and Alexander the Great statue (Egnatia 154, Helexpo – TIF, 54621)
- When to go: The views are special anytime, but seeing the city sparkle at night was spellbinding
- Opening hours: 10 am to 1am daily (10 am to 2am on Friday and Saturday)
22. Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki
Although you can see many historic sites in Thessaloniki, the Archaeological Museum is the place to see relics and the items recovered from those sites. The museum exhibits artifacts from the local area, from prehistory to late antiquity.
You should set aside a couple of hours to explore the vast collection. There is so much to see, and it is probably one of the most absorbing things to do in Thessaloniki. Highlights include:
- The Aravissos Hoard – 6 gold artifacts from the Final Neolithic period (4500-3200 BC)
- The Petralona Hoard – bronze age tools dated to the 3rd millennium BC
- A statue of Augustus, the first emperor of Rome.
The museum holds 8 permanent exhibitions, exploring themes on the history of Macedonia and Thessaloniki. Something that caught my interest was how early Macedonians used dates. Their first dating system cited kings to record dates. When the Romans arrived, they came with their Roman calendar. In later years, a third dating system focused on major events, which began from zero after Emperor Octavian’s 31 BC victory in Actium. Buried in the museum al myriad nuggets of history like this. Happily, the exhibition is well-organized, with just about everything translated into English. With so much to see and learn, you might need more than a couple of hours to see it all!
- Where: Northeast of the Alexander the Great Statue, just off the busy Leof. Stratou (6 Manoli Andronikou Street)
- When to go: See opening hours
- Opening hours: 8 am to 8 pm (summer), 9 am to 4 pm (winter)
- Price: €8.00 (reduced €4.00). Included in the €15.00 museum pass
23. Chew on a Koulouri
Around the city center, you’ll find street vendors selling koulouri. It looks like a cross between a bagel and a pretzel coated in sesame seeds. It tastes better than it looks.
Like a bagel, they are chewy on the outside and soft in the middle. They are a local breakfast favorite, and many vendors disappear in the afternoon. Do like the locals, and grab some eyewatering Greek coffee and a koulouri for a tasty and convenient breakfast on the go.
If you like a crispier version, go for the thin ones. My advice, take both and decide for yourself. They’re cheap and filling.If you miss the street vendors, you can find them in bakeries and pale imitations in supermarkets.
24 Day trip to Orlias waterfalls
Although I’ve concentrated on things to do in Thessaloniki, several day trips out of the city are worth considering. The first I’d recommend is a visit to the Orlias waterfalls. This slice of paradise features 25 small waterfalls cascading into natural pools you can swim in.
The waterfalls sit in a forested canyon, and fantastic hiking trails lead to the waterfalls. The first waterfall can be reached in just 5 minutes from the main road, although I still recommend taking walking boots with your swimsuit.
Orlias waterfalls sit in an idyllic location, just 60 miles (96km) from Thessaloniki, near Dion on the opposite side of the Thermaic Gulf. If you want to see the Mediterranean countryside and cool off in a beautiful location, it’s got it all.
If you want to up the adrenaline, canyoning through the Orlias waterfalls is sure to thrill. This tour matches you with an expert to navigate the reasonably unchallenging waters. Note that this tour picks up from Dion only. Check availability and book your tour here.
For a more sedate exploration of the waterfalls, go with the Olympus Lagoons tour. They take the hassle out of everything by transporting you to the canyon and guiding you to the prettiest spots. It’s a small group tour, so a chance to make new friends or just enjoy a trip where everything is taken care of. Pick up from Nei Pori. Check availability and book your tour here.
25. Day trip to the Archaeological Site of Dion
Talking of Dion, you might want to take another day trip to visit the nearest town to the Orlias Waterfalls. Dion is a village in the foothills of Mount Olympus, famous for its archeological treasures.
A Macedonian sanctuary dedicated to Zeus is the star attraction. Dion was first mentioned by the Greek historian Thucydides in the 5th century BC. For centuries, the fabled sanctuary overlooked by Mount Olympus was a pilgrimage site for Macedonian and Roman rulers and generals.
Notably, Phillip II of Macedonia and his son, Alexander the Great, celebrated victories there. After the Romans conquered the city in 169 BC, Dion and the sanctuary retained importance. Roman coins have been found from Dion, and it is said the Romans favored the location due to their respect for the martial exploits of Alexander the Great. The city was still thriving in the 4th and 5th centuries AD but was abandoned after earthquakes and floods ravaged the area in later years.
Today, the sanctuary is preserved in the Archaeological Park of Dion. With planning, you should be able to fit in a trip to the Orlias Waterfalls and Dion in one action-packed day trip from Thessaloniki. The easiest way to see Dion is on a guided tour. This tour promises to get you there and onto Mount Olympus. The tour lasts 8 hours and picks up from locations in Thessaloniki. It doesn’t get more convenient than that!
If Mount Olympus is your focus, this tour is super-convenient. Pick-up and drop-off at your hotel are key. But you also get an air-conditioned bus, a licensed guide, and complimentary drinks and snacks. One of the smoothest ways to see Mount Olympus and explore Dion.
- Where: 11 miles (17 km) south of Katerini in Dion, Pieria (601 00).
- How to get there:
- Car: There is a parking lot at the Archaeological Park of Dion.
- Guided tour:
- When to go: See opening hours.
- Opening hours: 8am to 8pm, 16 April – 31 October. Winter closing times vary according to when the sun sets.
- Price: €8.00 (reduced €4.00)
26. Climb Mount Olympus, an icon of Greek mythology
It looks dizzyingly high, but the fabled Mount Olympus can be climbed in a day. At 9,600 feet (2,918m,) it is the highest peak in Greece. The surest way to the summit is in the company of climbing pros.
This Olympus Private Mountain Guiding tour can help. They’ll pick you up from your hotel, guide you to the summit, and get you back in around 12 hours. You can hire equipment from them if needed. Check availability and book your tour here.
Another option is this less expensive Olympus Climbing Experience tour. The group is bigger, but you’ll reach the summit and enjoy the same views. Again, essential equipment can be hired. Check availability and book your tour here.
27. Day trip to Palaios Panteleimonas
Also in the Pieria region is the picturesque village Palaios Panteleimonas, which is perched 2,300 ft (700m) on the slope of Mount Olympus. The impossibly pretty town is a gem, easily overlooked by visitors to Thessaloniki. Yet it makes for a fantastic day trip.
The village enjoys exceptional views over the Aegean and up to the snowy summit of Mount Olympus. But even without the views, Palaios Panteleimonas is a delight. The village was settled in the 1700s, and the homes are a charming jumble of bricks and timber. In the summer, the streets burst with colorful flowers. It’s a dreamy setting. The atmospheric cobbled streets can be explored in an afternoon. But there are several traditional taverns with welcoming terraces that invite you to linger.
It’s not quite a secret, but you won’t see many mentions of Palaios Panteleimonas in guides to the best things to do in Thessaloniki. Sure, it takes about an hour and a half to drive there. But it is an idyllic escape with an altogether different pace of life to Greece’s second-largest city. If you’re looking for something different to do on your Thessaloniki vacation, Palaios Panteleimonas might just fit the bill.
- Where: Old Panteleimonas, Pieria. 24 miles (38km) south of Katerini.
- When to go: Daytime, to savor the views and cold ouzo on the tavern terraces.
28. Visit the crusader castle at Platamonas
Another highlight in the Pieria region is the Byzantine Castle of Platamonas. The castle was built by the crusaders between 1204 and 1222. The fortification was likely built on the site of the ancient Greek city Herakleion.
The imposing fort sits on a hill overlooking the Aegean. It was built to protect the entrance to the Temple Valley, a trade route between Macedonia and Greece. The construction is distinctively medieval European and quite different from the Hellenistic and Byzantine structures you commonly see in the region.
Sections of the castle are in ruins, but the imposing donjon still stands tall. Unfortunately, the tower is closed. However, you can explore the rest of the fort and walk sections of the wall.
The Platamonas caste would be a wonder in any other location. Around Mount Olympus, the castle barely registers on tourist itineraries. Accordingly, the site is rarely busy. If you make your way out to Pieria or Mount Olympus, the impressive fort and the views from within are worth the detour.
If you’re around in July and August, the location is used to host concerts during the Olympus Festival. I wasn’t lucky enough to catch one, but I can easily imagine how magical it would be. Check online for details.
- Where: 22 miles (35km) south of Katerini. Platamonas, Pieria, 60065
- How to get there
- Car: Parking at the bottom of the hill.
- When to go: See opening hours.
- Opening hours: 8.30am to 3.30pm
- Price: €3 (reduced €2)
29. Take a trip to the biodiverse wetlands of Kerkini Lake
This one is for nature lovers. Kerkini Lake is home to 300 birds and animal species, including flamingos and buffalos. This day trip to Kerkini Lake from Thessaloniki tour lasts all day (8 hours) in the company of a guide who knows their local nature. It’s a small group tour, so relaxed and focused on any questions you have. The tour offers an option to upgrade to a horseback or boat ride around the wetlands. It’s a welcome break from the bustle of city life. Check availability and book your tour here.
30. See the stunning Meteora rock pillars with monasteries perched on top
Meteora is a UNESCO world heritage site. The rock pillars are spectacular. The 14th-16th century monasteries precariously balanced on the rock formations are even more spectacular. The catch? Meteora is about 140 miles (225 km) from Thessaloniki. Handily, some tours will get you there and back on the same day.
This Meteora Tour from Thessaloniki by Train’ makes it happen by using Greece’s slick rail services. The tour takes you to see three monasteries in the sky and includes lunch. Not to mention an expert guide who knows the history. And how to read a train timetable in Greek! Check availability and book your tour here.
If the idea of seeing Greece flash by from a train window doesn’t appeal, choose this tour by minibus. The inexpensive day tour picks you up from Thessaloniki and transports you to two Meteora monasteries, including a stop for lunch (your expense) in Kalampaka. An English-speaking guide keeps things interesting en route and you’ll be back in Thessaloniki before the taverns close. Check availability and book your tour here.
31. Take a sunset cruise on a private boat
Who doesn’t love a glorious sunset? The ones over the Thermaic Gulf can be pretty special. And while there are some great spots to see them (I’ve included several in my list of things to do in Thessaloniki,) watching the sunset from a boat is unforgettable.
The Thessaloniki: Sunset Cruise tour is a small private boat that tours the bay as the sun goes down. Champagne and fruit platters are supplied, which is always a winning way to watch a sunset. Don’t forget your swimsuit, there’s even a chance to dive into the sea. Check availability and book your tour here.
32. Bathe on beautiful beaches in Halkidiki
Swimming options around Thessaloniki are limited, with most beaches outside the town. Halkidiki is known for stunning white sandy beaches and turquoise waters around its pointed peninsulas. And Halkidiki is just an hour’s drive from Thessaloniki. If you don’t have a hire car, take this private Thessaloniki to Halkidiki day trip to Kassandra.
The tour includes hotel pick-up and drop-off and takes you to one of the prettiest peninsulas, Kassandra. You’ll visit Hanioti Beach before dropping into Afitos, a quaint village in Halkidiki. If you crave a day at the beaches in another stunning part of Greece, this could be the tour for you. Check availability and book your tour here.
33. Bathes in thermal springs and visit Edessa, the ancient capital of Macedonia
This day trip merges history and relaxation. The first stop is the naturally warm waters of the Pozar thermal springs. Then onto Edessa to learn about a colossus of history, Alexander the Great, and Macedonian heritage.
An air-conditioned bus will pick you up from your hotel. And an English-speaking guide is on hand to talk you through a remarkable period of history. It sounds like both a dreamy escape and an opportunity to learn more about the region’s pre-Roman history. The perfect bolt-on to all the other wonderful things to do in Thessaloniki. Check availability and book your tour here.
A short history of Thessaloniki
The history of Thessaloniki began in 315 BC when King Cassander of Macedonia established a city there. From there, it’s a rollercoaster ride through Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Greek history.
Located directly on Via Egnatia, the crucial Roman road connecting a string of cities, the city became an important trading hub in both the Roman and ensuing Byzantine Empire. Many of the famous sights of Thessaloniki are located close to the ancient street, reflecting how vital it was to Thessaloniki’s early development.
By 330 AD, the Roman Empire had fragmented and ushered in the eastern Byzantine Empire. Thessaloniki emerged as a leading city in the Byzantine Empire, second only to Constantinople (Istanbul.)
The Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453. In the intervening years, Thessaloniki grew in wealth, power, and cultural influence. You can see that reflected in many of the most famous buildings and things to do in Thessaloniki. The city’s Hellenistic and Roman roots profoundly shaped Byzantine culture.
Thessaloniki was at the center of conflicts throughout the Byzantine age. Slavic invaders and crusaders fought battles there. Yet the city flourished as a melting pot of different cultures and an established economic hub.
In 1430, everything changed again when the Ottomans under Sultan Murad II captured Thessaloniki. The city was sacked, and citizens were enslaved. Yet, despite the shock of 1430, centuries of relative calm followed.
Islamic influence increased, yet citizens were allowed to practice their religion in peace. This meant the city became a refuge for Sephardic Jews after they were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula in 1492.
Inevitably, the Greek War of Independence in 1821 rippled through the city. Yet the most notorious incident of that era happened in 1826. Known as The Auspicious Incident, 10,000 Janissaries — elite guards of the sultan — were massacred. Once again, peace quickly returned, and the city experienced an unprecedented economic expansion in the 1800s.
The 20th century profoundly changed Thessaloniki. The city was a hotbed of political activism. It was a powder keg city, symbolized by the 1913 assassination of King George I of Greece in the city center.
As the war in the Balkans broke out, Thessaloniki was embroiled in a political conflict between Greece, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria (who also laid claim to the city.) Hellenistic at heart, the city was ultimately transferred peacefully to Greece in 1912.
Thessaloniki was a flashpoint in the First World War. But the city’s biggest catastrophe occurred in 1917 when a kitchen fire sparked a conflagration that swept through the metropolis. The fire rendered a quarter of the city homeless and destroyed many landmarks. The scars of the fire are still visible today, as you’ll notice across many entries in my guide to things to do in Thessaloniki.
The last great tragedy to befall Thessaloniki occurred when it was the first city in Greece occupied by Nazi Germany. Over 45,000 Jews were deported to concentration camps. Only 4% survived.
Despite the long and complicated history of Thessaloniki, the city once again flourished after the war. In 1997, Thessaloniki was named the European Capital of Culture. It is easy to see why. The imprint of several empires bridging Europe and Asia is visible throughout the city. It is a remarkable history that infuses the city with a singular character unlike any in Greece.
Why is it called Thessaloniki’?
One interesting thing you notice when exploring Thessaloniki is how the city name is pronounced in different languages. It is not uncommon in Europe to see place names adapted to the language, especially ancient cities that have swapped nations and empires.
The story behind the name offers a telling insight into Thessaloniki’s origins. The city was likely named after princess Thessalonike of Macedon, the daughter of Philip II and half-sister to Alexander the Great. More pertinently, she was the wife of Cassander, the Macedonian king who founded Thessaloniki.
Thessalonike means ‘Thessalian victory,’ a reference to the Macedonian victory at the Battle of Crocus Field in 352 BC. Over time, minor variants of Thessaloniki appeared in different languages. The most common was Thessalonica and the Greek name, Saloníki (Salonika in English.)
When the city was absorbed into Greece in 1912, local authorities officially clarified that it should be called Thessaloniki. It took a few years, but Thessaloniki is now widely used in the English-speaking world.
You will find the name adapted in various languages, albeit just about recognizable. For example, in Italian, it is Salonicco. In Turkey, the city is called Selânik. When a city has so many variations on its name, you know it is a place with a long and winding history!
Don’t miss: Brush up on your Greek with my free Greek travel phrase guide.
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